How many qubits are needed to outperform conventional computers? How to protect a quantum computer from the effects of decoherence? And how to design more than 1,000 qubits fault-tolerant large-scale quantum computers? These are the three basic questions we want to deal in this article.
Qubit technologies, qubit quality, qubit count, qubit connectivity and qubit architectures are the five key areas of quantum computing. In this article, we explain the practical issues of designing large-scale quantum computers.
Quantum computing is the key technology for future artificial intelligence. In our Compassionate AI Lab, we are using AI based quantum computing algorithms for human emotion analysis, simulating human homeostasis with quantum reinforcement learning and other quantum compassionate AI projects. This tutorial is for the researchers, volunteers and students of the Compassionate AI Lab for understanding the deeper aspects of quantum computing for implementing compassionate artificial intelligence projects.
Building a quantum computer differs greatly from building a classical computer. The core of quantum computing is qubits. Qubits are made using single photons, trapped ions, and atoms in high finesse cavities. Superconducting materials and semiconductor quantum dots are promising hosts for qubits to build a quantum processor. When superconducting materials are cooled, they can carry a current with zero electrical resistance without losing any energy. These seven requirements refereed as DiVincenzo criteria for quantum computing [1].